• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    WHEEL UNDERSTANDING A WHEEL SPIDER AND APPROPRIATE METHOD OF THE PRODUCT. The present invention relates to a wheel comprising a wheel rim and spider that includes a hub (3a, 3b) and spokes (2). Said wheel is characterized by the fado that the spokes are made of one or more linear textile yarns as a reinforcement material of a fiber compound and by the fado that each linear textile yarn extends at least once, and without interruption, from the rim to the hub and back to form at least one spoke. The textile threads are positively connected and / or integrally joined in the hub and the rim. Also disclosed is a method for producing the wheel of the invention.
    公开号:BR112014013425B1
    申请号:R112014013425-1
    申请日:2012-12-03
    公开日:2020-10-27
    发明作者:Jens Werner；Christian Köhler；André Bartsch；Sandro Mäker；Michael Dressler；Martin Lepper；Werner Hufenbach
    申请人:ThyssenKrupp Carbon Components GmbH；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The subject of the present invention is a wheel spider, for wheels, especially for automobiles, which have spokes made of fiber compound. Additionally, a method for making such a wheel spider is disclosed.
    [0002] A common wheel design has a span, which consists of a rim span and the wheel flanges. The wheel flanges circulate the rim span on both sides, overlap this (rim span) and offer lateral support for the tire. The wheel spider or wheel disc is used for fixing the wheel. Thus, a wheel spider has spokes or other connections from the rim to the hub, which is arranged in the center of the wheel. A wheel disc performs the same task without spokes, as a connection everywhere on the rim in the hub.
    [0003] It is a constant effort to reduce the weight of motor vehicles, especially masses not supported by springs, in the further development of automobile technology. The use of lightweight materials, especially fiber decomposed ones, is offered for this.
    [0004] There are already several approaches to contribute to weight reduction by replacing metal rays with fiber compounds. However, in these substitutions, stability requirements cannot disappear in the background.
    [0005] US 4,681,647 suggests connecting a metallic cube with a surrounding ring-shaped element. With this, the cube is rolled up everywhere with long reinforcement fibers, which extend between the cube and the outer ring, or the cube has pin-like elevations for this, around which the reinforcement fibers are placed and then taken to the outer ring. The outer ring is itself wound around one or more times, whereby the reinforcing fiber is taken back to the cube. Another modality also provides, in the outer ring, pin-like elevations that are rolled around correspondingly. The long reinforcing fibers have a plastic impregnation and can be hardened after the winding between the hub and the ring is completed. They then form the spokes of the wheel. The disadvantage of this design is that the reinforcement fibers extend unidirectionally between the hub and the ring and have a low resistance to stresses parallel to the axial direction. The manufacturing process is complicated and long because of the complicated winding.
    [0006] DE 10 2006 051 867 A1 reveals how a wheel spider consisting of a plurality of rings made of fiber-reinforced material can be constructed. A plurality of rings made of reinforcing fibers are fitted in the space between the rim and the hub. The rings are not yet hardened and are deformed into arc-like shapes with rounded corners. The circular segment of the arc is positioned in an ideal shape on the inner surface of the ring, while the strings of the arches are in contact with each other and form the rays after consolidation. The arches are connected in union by the material to each other or to the rim by means of the matrix material. The disadvantage of this design is that the rings made of reinforcing fiber material are unidirectionally wound and therefore have a low resistance to forces in the axial direction. In addition, the spoke structure only allows straight designs located on the cube plane.
    [0007] Thus, the objective is defined to propose a wheel design, which combines the advantages of the weight of a fiber composite construction with a good resistance to axial stresses. An additional objective is to make an aesthetically attractive form of wheel design possible.
    [0008] The wheel according to the present invention has a wheel spider, whose spokes consist of one or more linearly stretched textile yarns (also: textile yarns) as reinforcement material for a fiber compound. Each linearly stretched textile yarn extends from side to side at least once between the rim and the hub and thereby forms at least one ray. Within the meaning of this application, linear is defined as the textile yarn having at least two ends, which are not joined. The textile yarn can thus be curved one or more times in one or more directions.
    [0009] In a preferred embodiment, a linearly stretched textile yarn forms a spoke of the wheel. The ends of the textile yarn are thus secured in the consolidated state in the ring in a positive locking manner and, preferably, also joined by the material, while the center of the textile yarn is deflected in the hub. Thus, the textile yarn forms two partial yarns, which are laterally adjacent to each other in their course between the hub and the rim and without any distance are preferably also connected together by the material by means of the matrix material.
    [00010] In another preferred embodiment, the linearly stretched textile yarn forms two spokes of the wheel. The ends of the textile yarn are secured in the consolidated state to the ring in a positive locking manner and, preferably, also joined by the material, while the center of the textile yarn is deflected in the hub. The two partial wires are separated in their course between the rim and the cube and form an angle with the point of inversion in the cube as a vertex.
    [00011] A fiber compound consists of at least one matrix material and reinforcing fibers, which improve the fiber compound's ability to withstand stress in the direction of its course. Consolidate or consolidate is defined by the fiber compound being hardened. This can occur partially (partial consolidation) or it can happen completely. The fiber compound is not consolidated when no consolidation process has taken place. During consolidation, the matrix material hardens and wraps the reinforcement fibers and holds them in place.
    [00012] Adjacent spokes preferably extend at constant angles to each other and are evenly distributed over the entire circumference of the wheel spider. However, another preferred embodiment also provides rays, arranged in pairs, with a smaller closed angle and a larger angle for the next pair of rays or vice versa.
    [00013] In another preferred embodiment, the linearly stretched textile yarn forms more than two, but always an even number of spokes. For this purpose, the ends of the textile yarn are secured in the consolidated state to the rim in a positive locking manner and, preferably, also joined by the material, while it extends from the fixation of the first end to the hub, it is deflected there and stretches back into the rim. This advantageously happens repeatedly until the planned number of rays is reached. In this way, the spokes are formed from a single linearly stretched textile yarn. A plurality of linearly stretched textile yarns, with which each textile yarn or even just some of the textile yarns form more than two spokes in a loop, is also preferred.
    [00014] The ends of the textile threads are preferably curved and follow the curvature of the ring on its inner side in one of the directions of rotation. The ends of a plurality of adjacent textile yarns preferably point uniformly towards each other or away from each other.
    [00015] Linearly stretched textile yarns are preferably designed as cotton fabric, knitted fabric, mesh, fabric or multiaxial textiles. The textile yarns preferably also consist of a plurality of layers, which are advantageously sewn together or, for example, held together by spraying adhesive.
    [00016] In an especially preferred embodiment, the textile yarns are interwoven and preferably have a plurality of fiber directions. Preferably, the fibers extend at an angle of ± 45 ° to the axis of a radius. The orientation of the textile yarns can be varied across the length, such that the most favorable can be provided for the tension. For this purpose, textile yarns are preferably manufactured in a three-dimensional weaving process. Advantageously, textile yarns of variable geometry can be produced in this way. The textile yarns, therefore, preferably have a larger diameter in the vicinity of the hub and can be divided into two or more partial textile yarns in the area of fixing the rim and again again converge to a textile yarn.
    [00017] Textile yarns consist of reinforcing fiber material according to the state of the art. High strength fiber materials, such as glass fibers, carbon fibers or Kevlar fibers (aramid) are preferred.
    [00018] The hub preferably has a shaft hole and / or screw holes for fixing the wheel. In addition, the hub preferably also has pin-like elevations around which the textile yarns extend without interruption and through which the textile yarns are deflected. In an especially preferred embodiment, the pin-like elevations are designed, such that on the side facing the geometric axis of the cube, there is a roundness, around which the textile threads extend, with which the force is advantageously distributed across the contact surface by pin-like elevation and textile thread. The part of the pin-like elevations that faces the rim extends on its outer surface, preferably parallel to the inner surface of the rim. Where, where the textile yarns cross the surface of the pin-like elevations, the pin-like elevations are somewhat rounded to avoid the effect of the pin-like elevation notch on the textile yarn. Preferably, the hub has alternating pin-like elevations with textile threads extending around them without interruption and pin-like elevations without textile threads. Only every second pin-like elevation thus maintains a textile thread, with which, due to the pin-like elevations being arranged between them, the impression of a closed cube surface towards the inner side of the rim is obtained, however. In a preferred embodiment, the cube has only pin-like elevations, which also hold the textile threads, while the intermediate spaces between the pin-like elevations with the textile threads extending around them are filled with cube material.
    [00019] Cubes preferably have a two-part design. There is preferably a first cube part with a plate-shaped lower blade end that optionally has, in addition to the shaft opening and / or screw openings, also pin-like elevations with a height that corresponds to the width of the textile threads. The second hub part, then, only optionally has a shaft opening and / or screw openings and is positioned over the first hub part and fixed there. The textile threads that extend around the pin-like elevations are advantageously fixed and axially secured against displacement in this way. The screw holes preferably extend through pin-like elevations.
    [00020] Another preferred form of cube provides that the linearly stretched textile yarns are conducted only through the recesses in the cube material. Axial sliding is prevented by means of flat limitations, preferably in the form of a circular disc of the cube parts, which are arranged above and below these recesses. After consolidating the linearly stretched textile yarns and assembling the hoop, the linearly stretched textile yarns are fixed in a positive locking manner and optionally also joined by the material via the matrix material. The hub parts optionally have a shaft opening and / or screw openings.
    [00021] Another preferred embodiment of the cube provides for the manufacture of the first and second parts of the cube. Each part of the hub thereby has, in addition to the optional shaft opening and / or the optional screw openings, some of the pin-like elevations. In a preferred embodiment, 50% of the number of pin-like elevations are arranged in the first part of the cube and 50% in the second part of the cube. In another preferred embodiment, each part of the hub has pin-like elevations at half the overall height, such that the pin-like elevations are available at their required overall height after joining the two parts of the cube. It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that when the number of pin-like elevations is not an even number, he distributes the pin-like elevations as evenly as possible, for example, alternating between the two parts of the cube. It is also obvious that when the height of a pin-like elevation of one cube part is 30% of the required overall height of the pin-like elevation, a pin-like elevation in the other part of the cube with a height of 70% of the height general is opposite to that (part of the cube). The general height of the pin-like elevations between the two parts of the cube corresponds to the width of the textile thread that extends around them. Likewise, the free space, which extends around the pin-like elevations through the cube material, corresponds to the height of the circulating textile thread.
    [00022] The two parts of the hub are preferably fixed by screwing or because they are kept together via the screw holes during the assembly of the wheel. In a preferred embodiment, the cube also consists of fiber compound and the two parts of the cube are joined in the course of consolidation of the fiber compound and held together by the material via the matrix material.
    [00023] The cube preferably consists of material that is known for the state of the art for such purposes. This can be, for example, deep drawn steel, aluminum, magnesium or light metal alloys. However, fiber-reinforced plastic is also preferably used.
    [00024] The wheel rim consists, in a preferred embodiment, of fiber compound. Especially preferred here is an interlaced fiber reinforcement with multiple layers. The wheel spider is preferably attached by the ends of the linearly stretched textile yarns and, if present, the sections of the linearly stretched textile yarns, which extend along the inner side of the ring, being interlaced and thus extending to within the rim in the consolidated state without, however, the fibers of the wheel spider fiber threads passing into the fibers of the fiber reinforcement of the rim. After the consolidation of the ring, the ends of the textile threads and the parts of the textile threads that extend along the inner side of the ring are fixed in a positive locking manner and, optionally, also joined by the material via the matrix material in the rim body.
    [00025] Another preferred embodiment provides that the ring has, in its internal circumference, edges, within which the ends of the linearly stretched textile threads and, if present, the sections of the linearly stretched textile threads, which extend along the side of the rim, extend, and in which these are consolidated. In this way, a wheel spider made of fiber composite can be advantageously attached to a metal ring in a positive locking manner.
    [00026] Another preferred embodiment provides that each linearly stretched textile yarn forms two spokes and that each of the two ends of the textile yarn is divided into two unique ends.
    [00027] In a first embodiment, the single ends are divided (preferably 50% of the thickness of the material) in a plane parallel to the axis of the wheel. They are distributed on the inner side of the rim and form the positive locking connection between the wheel spider and the rim after consolidation. After distribution, the two ends follow the curvature of the rim on the inside and against the rotation directions of the wheel. A molding can advantageously be inserted in the V-shaped section between the two ends for stabilization. This molding is preferably formed by a lost core. The molding preferably consists of foam material.
    [00028] A second preferred embodiment provides that the single ends are divided in a plane vertical to the wheel axis (also preferably 50% of the material thickness of the textile yarns). The ends then cover a part of the inner side of the rim in both axial directions and follow its outline. After the consolidation of the textile threads, the hoop is thus maintained in a positive locking manner by means of the ends of all spokes. This modality is advantageously suitable for use with metal rims. Advantageously, bead formation on the rim material is not required here.
    [00029] A preferred process for the manufacture of linearly stretched textile yarns provides for their manufacture by interlacing. A 3D interlacing machine is advantageously used here. Linearly stretched textile yarns can be manufactured as a continuous product and, therefore, also be provided with variable cross sections, thickenings, divisions and joints. For this purpose, the desired size of the wheel is already taken into account when manufacturing linearly stretched textile yarns. Linearly stretched textile yarns are then cut to the required length and are available for further processing.
    [00030] Linearly stretched textile yarns prepared a) consolidated or b) unconsolidated are used for further processing.
    [00031] According to a), unconsolidated textile yarns are inserted in a mold that specifies the planned curvature and other modeling of the textile yarns and is then saturated with the matrix material or if the matrix material is contained in the textile yarns, it hardens (matrix material). Thermoplastic or hard plastic material is used as the matrix material. Polypropylene is especially preferred as a thermoplastic material and epoxy resin is especially preferred as a hard plastic material. The consolidated textile threads are then inserted into a mold that already contains the first part of the cube. Preferably, the ends of the textile yarns extend into the area of the ring. The second part of the cube is then inserted and the mold is closed. The rim area is then formed by the mold being interwoven. The rim area is then also consolidated. The textile threads between the hub and the rim are now fixed in a positive locking manner.
    [00032] According to b), unconsolidated textile threads are inserted in a mold for the ring, which already contains the first part of the cube. The second part of the cube is then inserted and the mold is closed. The mold now reproduces the outline of the rim in the external area. The ends of the textile yarns preferably extend into the area of the ring. Subsequently, the mold of the rim is interlaced. After the interlacing process, the entire object consisting of the cube, textile threads and ring is consolidated.
    [00033] In addition to the interlacing of the mold for forming the rim, other methods for depositing fiber known in the prior art are also advantageously used. The winding as well as the deposit of pre-impregnated materials made of fiber material are especially preferred here. Exemplary modalities
    [00034] The process according to the present invention is explained below on the basis of three exemplary embodiments without, however, limiting the present invention to those (exemplary embodiments). Exemplary modality 1 according to Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 7:
    [00035] A wheel spider is constructed of preformed individual radius segments 2. The radius segments 2 are formed here in separate molds 4, in which the longitudinally stretched textile yarn is arranged. In this case, it is possible to consolidate the radius 2 segments in advance. The first part of the cube 3a, as well as the preformed radius segments 2, are then inserted into the insertion grooves 7 of the first mold half (5) of the mold. Then the second part of the mold (3b) is applied and the mold halves 5, 8 are closed, the formation of the gap of the rim 1 occurs by interlacing the molds 5, 8 acting as a core of the interlacing 6. The rays 2 are, thus, axially and radially integrated via a positive locking in the textile structure of the frame 1. An external multi-part mold is used in the area of the frame 1 to press the textile preform during consolidation. After consolidation, the wheel spider and the rim gap are connected in a positive locking manner and joined by the material. Exemplary mode 2 according to Figure 8, Figure 9:
    [00036] The spokes 2 of the wheel spider are formed by arranging the longitudinally unstretched textile thread in the half of the mold 1 of the rim mold, as well as the half of the wheel hub 1 inserted in it. In order to guarantee a connection area as large as possible between the spokes and the frame span, a distribution, on both sides, of the ends of the textile yarn used for the spokes in the area of the frame span takes place here. The V-shaped recess formed here between the distributed textile layers is closed by means of a wedge-shaped insert. After half of the wheel hub 2 is applied and the mold halves are closed, the formation of the rim gap occurs by the interlacing of the mold acting as a core of the interlacing. The spokes are thus axially and radially integrated via a positive locking formed in an area cut below the textile structure of the rim gap. An external multi-part mold is used in the area of the rim to press the textile preform during consolidation. After consolidation, the wheel spider and the rim gap are connected in a positive locking manner and joined by the material.
    [00037] Exemplary modality 3 according to Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14, Figure 15, Figure 16:
    [00038] The connection of the textile thread stretched longitudinally with the span of the ring takes place by means of a positive locking formed in an area cut from below, thus the textile extends axially over the span, as well as the geometry of the external flange of the span of the rim. Figure 14 shows how the textile threads stretched longitudinally together with a part of the mold for the cube are arranged in the mold.
    [00039] Figure 13 illustrates how the course of the fiber of the fibers (a-f) crosses, without interruption, from the central section in one part to the distributed end of the textile thread. In the undivided section of the textile yarn, the fibers here extend at angles of + 45 ° (e, c, e), as well as - 45 ° (b, d, f) for the axis of the textile yarn. After division and distribution, the first part has fibers b, d and e, where the second partial yarn has fibers a, c and f. In addition, the fibers also extend after splitting at angles of ± 45 ° to the axis of the respective partial yarn.
    [00040] The textile threads stretched longitudinally from the spoke segments have different cross sections, which are used for modeling the wheel spider corresponding to the tension. The pre-formation of the ray segments with different cross sections, as well as the distribution of the ray ends into two fiber threads (2a, 2b), each one is carried out by means of a 3D interlacing machine (Figure 15) . This makes it possible to manufacture a continuous 3D textile, which consists of a plurality of tied radius segments, which are separated from each other by means of a separation device according to the state of the art (for example, lever shear, automatic cutter ) (Figure 16 as an enlargement of detail C in Figure 15). List of Reference Numbers 1 span of the rim 2 radius segments consisting of longitudinally stretched textile threads 2nd end a of radius 2b end b of radius 3rd first part of cube 3b second part of cube 4 mold for radius segments 5 first half of mold 6 interlacing core 7 insertion slots 8 second half of the mold 9 axis of symmetry 10 radial interlacing machine 11 interlacing coil 12 interlaced filament 13 wedge-shaped embedded 14 coil field of the 3D interlacing machine 15 matrix 16 separation device af fibers.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [0001]
    1. Wheel, comprising a rim (1), as well as a wheel spider, having a hub and spokes (2), spokes (2) comprising one or more linearly stretched textile threads, having at least two ends (2a, 2b) which are not connected with each other, as reinforcement material for a fiber compound and each linearly stretched textile yarn extends at least once from the rim (1) to the hub and back without interruption to form at least one spoke, characterized by the fact that - the linearly stretched textile threads have ends (2a, 2b), which are divided in a plane parallel to the wheel axis, distributed and secured in a positive locking manner in two directions of rotation of the wheel in the gap , and - the linearly stretched textile yarns have ends (2a, 2b), which are divided in a vertical plane to the wheel axis, distributed and are joined in the inner contour of the rim (1) in the axial direction following the rim (1 ) and thus performing a positive locking fixation.
    [0002]
    2. Wheel according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the spokes (2) and the rim (1) and / or the spokes (2) and the hub are connected by positive locking and / or in union by the material .
    [0003]
    3. Wheel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that each linearly stretched textile yarn extends around pin-like elevations in the hub.
    [0004]
    4. Wheel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the linearly stretched textile yarn extends through the recesses in the hub.
    [0005]
    5. Wheel according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that at least one of the linearly stretched textile threads forms more than two spokes (2) and, for that, a section of that linearly stretched textile thread, which does not it is identical with the ends (2a, 2b), extends on the internal surface of the span and ends with this span.
    [0006]
    6. Wheel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that at the place where one end of each linearly stretched textile yarn is distributed, a free space having a triangular cross section, into which a molding (13 ) ideally formed is inserted, is formed.
    [0007]
    7. Process for the manufacture of a wheel with a wheel spider, whose spokes (2) consist of one or more linearly stretched textile yarns as reinforcement material for a fiber compound, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that the following steps are performed, a. providing a mold corresponding to the rim contour (1) having a first and second mold parts, which have recesses to form the wheel spider, b. supply of linearly stretched textile yarns, having at least two ends (2a, 2b) that are not connected with each other, c. insertion of a first part of the wheel hub (3a) into the first part of the mold (5), such that a continuous stroke of the shape of the radius segments is reproduced, d. insertion of unconsolidated linearly stretched textile yarns in the first part of the mold (5), such that at least the ends (2a, 2b) of the linearly stretched textile yarns are integrated into the first part of the mold in an area cut from below and the textile yarns linearly stretched extend through the hub, e.g. insertion of the second part of the cube (3a), f. closing the mold by joining the first and second mold parts (5, 8), g. formation of the structure of the reinforcing fiber of the rim (1) by means of the additional deposit of the fibers in the mold, h. consolidation of the rim joint (1) and the wheel spider, i. removing the wheel from the mold.
    [0008]
    8. Process for the manufacture of a wheel with a wheel spider, whose spokes (2) consist of one or more linearly stretched textile yarns as reinforcement material for a fiber compound, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that the following steps are performed, a. providing a mold corresponding to the rim contour (1) having a first and a second mold parts (5, 8), which have recesses for forming the wheel spider, b. supply of linearly stretched textile yarns, having at least two ends (2a, 2b) that are not connected with each other, c. insertion of a first part of the wheel hub (3a) in the first part of the mold (5), such that a continuous stroke of the shape of the spoke segments is reproduced, d. insertion of linearly stretched textile yarns already consolidated or pre-consolidated in the first part of the mold (5), such that at least the ends (2a, 2b) of the linearly stretched textile yarns are integrated in the first part of the mold (5) in an area cut from below and the linearly stretched textile threads extend through the hub, e.g. insertion of the second part of the cube (3b), f. closing the mold by joining the first and second mold parts (5, 8), g. formation of the reinforcing fiber structure of the rim (1) by depositing fibers in the mold, h. consolidation of the rim joint (1) and the wheel spider, i. removing the wheel from the mold.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2687146T3|2018-10-23|
    TR201815362T4|2018-11-21|
    US9555664B2|2017-01-31|
    US20160332396A1|2016-11-17|
    US10173461B2|2019-01-08|
    WO2013083500A1|2013-06-13|
    EP2788174A1|2014-10-15|
    CN104039535A|2014-09-10|
    DE102011087938A1|2013-06-13|
    CN104039535B|2017-10-24|
    DE102011087938B4|2022-02-03|
    EP2788174B1|2018-07-18|
    US20140346847A1|2014-11-27|
    BR112014013425A2|2017-06-13|
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    法律状态:
    2018-03-27| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-10-15| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-06-02| B06A| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-08-18| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-10-27| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 03/12/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102011087938.2|2011-12-07|
    DE102011087938.2A|DE102011087938B4|2011-12-07|2011-12-07|Wheel spider and method of manufacturing a wheel with a wheel spider|
    PCT/EP2012/074185|WO2013083500A1|2011-12-07|2012-12-03|Wheel comprising a wheel spider, and suitable production method|
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